Technically, upright pianos can differ in various sizes, from the smallest-at 36 inches-to the largest-a whopping 5 feet! They can be categorized under names such as:Spinet, console, studio, upright grand pianos or vertical pianos. The Spinet is the smallest while the upright grand is considered the largest.
The common rule of piano is: the bigger the piano, the bigger the sound. Nowadays as the science of piano engineering evolves, such as the construction and the method of 'overstringing' that allows a longer string and deeper tone, smaller pianos such as the upright can be designed to produce magnificent tone. Hence the criteria for choosing a used upright would be on your preferred size and tone. Some uprights may produce a much bigger sound than a grand, however it is good to note that the touch of playing will not be similar to a grand, as the style of actions of both differ significantly.
You can find your desired piano at reasonable costs in each category. It is important to note if the workmanship had been outsourced to third-world countries, which continues today. This may result in typically low standards on quality, and employee and environmental-care. A piano with NO maintenance other than proper humidity, will last 30 years and can be repaired thereafter. A piano that has been properly cared for can be passed from one generation to the next (exceptions for China-made pianos).
There are commonly two types of players: tonal players and those who prefer the looks. Depending on your requirements for selecting an upright, whether you are a music teacher, student, or for practice, the rule of thumb is to get the tallest you can afford. For a good tone, full bass and wide dynamic range, the minimum you should consider is a studio from 44 inches to 48 inches, right up to an upright grand from 49 inches and above. The usual brands for large verticals are: Steinway, Baldwain, Yamaha and Bosendorfer.
The Golden Age of pianos were reportedly from 1890 to 1930s where the craftsman and companies were reputable. However with the large used piano market, a lot of American and European companies have been reported to cut corners in their uprights to stay competitive. This does not mean you should not buy a brand new American brand, however you SHOULD consider all pianos regardless of their age, even from 40 to 100 years ago. Do note that this truth does not truly apply to Korean or Japanese pianos as they are not considered old.
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